The Phoenix Lights – Debunking the Debunkers

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On March thirteenth 1997, a unprecedented occasion occurred throughout the state of Arizona that has change into the topic of nice debate within the UFO neighborhood. Tons of, and maybe hundreds of witnesses from all walks of life reported seeing a big V-shaped craft, over a mile throughout with uncommon lights, journey slowly and silently by at a really low altitude. Some witnesses who reported being straight beneath it because it handed, stated it drifted proper over the housetops, so shut it appeared “they may nearly contact it.” Witness accounts counsel that at the very least one unknown craft and probably others handed straight over Phoenix and penetrated via Sky Harbor airspace, earlier than drifting off to the south in direction of Tucson. No less than one air site visitors controller at Sky Harbor Airport admitted in a televised information interview that he noticed the lights from the tower utilizing binoculars, however didn’t see something on radar.

Skeptics and debunkers dismiss the occasion as flares or a bunch of different artifical or pure explanations whereas hundreds of witnesses insist that what they noticed can’t be defined in any recognized phrases. There are various details, photographs, witness accounts and notable circumstances which can be connected to the occasion and related occasions which have occurred all around the world which can be largely ignored by the media and fully ignored by just a few staunch skeptics and debunkers who get far more media consideration than they deserve. First and really importantly, to keep away from confusion we have to classify the Phoenix Lights Phenomenon into two classes:

LIGHTS ON MOVING CRAFT: These are the lights related to the March thirteenth occasion (shortly after 8pm) that gave the impression to be mounted to a big V-shaped or triangular formed craft. There are various witness descriptions of various gentle arrays, patterns and variety of lights which might counsel the potential for a number of craft or a singular craft that modified because it flew throughout the Arizona skies. Witnesses all unanimously agree that the craft, or a number of craft, had been fully silent and flew very near the bottom. One craft was over a mile extensive based on tons of of documented witness accounts.

ORBS: These are luminescent amber orbs that randomly seem individually, in pairs or teams. They will seem collectively in inflexible formation or separated by miles. These orbs defy rationalization and are the variability I personally noticed on November twenty first 2005 (examine my sighting). They don’t flicker or emit any smoke trails and stay completely mounted of their place relative to one another and to the bottom. Dr. Lynne Kitei, a well-respected Phoenix doctor and key witness to the Phoenix Lights, personally noticed these anomalous lights very near her mountainside house in 1995. She had the distinctive alternative to watch a trio of orbs in shut proximity (lower than 200 ft away) and described them as balls of amber gentle roughly three to 6 ft throughout. They didn’t glare, emit any beam of sunshine or illuminate their adjoining environment. She couldn’t determine what they had been, however managed to seize them in {a photograph}. She stated they dimmed out one after the other “as if on a dimmer swap.”

The orbs are a separate phenomenon from what occurred on March thirteenth 1997, which by all accounts was an enormous UFO flyover. The orbs are fiercely argued to be flares dropped by the navy because of their related look. Skeptics have thrown out many explanations, none of which have been substantiated by any details or witness accounts.

FLARE THEORY: By far the commonest concept and the official concept given by the native Phoenix navy. First let me level out that I’m absolutely conscious of the Barry Goldwater check vary. I do know the place it’s in proximity to Phoenix and I’ve a wonderful understanding of the exercise that takes place there primarily based on quite a few sources together with navy personnel. I do know what flares appear to be, each from private remark and evaluation of video footage and photographs, and I’ve personally spoken to navy personnel who work with flares every day, together with a extremely certified pyrotechnic knowledgeable. I do not dispute that the navy drops flares over the Barry Goldwater Vary and that pilots usually jettison their remaining flares earlier than returning to base. I additionally agree that some, not the entire reported sightings of unusual lights and a variety of photographs and movies which have been circulated round had been certainly flares.

The large query right here is; If flares are routinely dropped over the Barry Goldwater Vary and so they have performed so since 1941, would not or not it’s logical to imagine that most individuals in Phoenix are used to seeing them? What would immediate hundreds of individuals to out of the blue name into native newspapers, police stations, information stations, radio stations and Luke Air Power base, all on the identical night time and throughout the identical time? It’s plainly apparent that many individuals noticed one thing very unusual, not one thing as mundane and routine as a flare drop, and felt compelled to report it and discover out what it was.

I problem the debunkers who insist that ALL Phoenix Lights stories had been truly flares, to think about the actual details moderately than dismiss the tons of of verifiable witness stories, photographs and investigative proof out of hand. If there’s conclusive proof that may clarify all the things away and show it was solely flares, carry it to the desk and let the general public see it! The flare concept is a pleasant handy technique to clarify glowing lights within the sky and looks as if probably the most logical rationalization for the Phoenix Lights till you contemplate the entire explanation why the idea does not work:

FLARE THEORY DOESN’T FIT WITNESS TESTIMONIES: First it’s a must to acknowledge the staggering variety of witnesses that had been out on the night of March thirteenth 1997 hoping to catch a glimpse of the Halle-Bopp comet. It was a wonderfully clear night time and hundreds of individuals from all walks of life, together with medical doctors, law enforcement officials, little league coaches with their youngsters, individuals jogging, drivers on the street, every kind of individuals had been going about their enterprise when out of the blue, out of the blue, they appear up and see an unlimited V-shaped, semi-transparent craft with an array of lights, journey slowly and silently by, very low to the bottom. Some witnesses stated it went straight over their heads.

The shear variety of matching witness accounts eliminates any risk of a hoax, until in fact you will counsel that hundreds of individuals bought collectively and determined to make up some phony story, not solely in Phoenix, however different international locations which have reported related phenomenon, simply so they may all have an excellent snort. Frankly, I might sooner imagine that we had been being visited from past than purchase right into a mass hoax conspiracy concept. If there have been solely a handful of stories coming from a small group of individuals partying and ingesting out within the desert, I might certainly and shortly dismiss the entire thing.

In line with witness accounts at the very least one giant V-shaped craft and probably different triangular craft, flew throughout the complete state of Arizona, ranging from Paulden all the way in which right down to Phoenix and Tucson. The timeline of verifiable stories counsel that one thing did the truth is journey throughout the complete state, which brings me to my first argument in opposition to the coveted flare concept; Flares do not journey tons of of miles, and witnesses in southern and northern Arizona could not probably see flares over the Barry Goldwater Vary! Additionally, witnesses described a big semi-transparent craft with unusual trying lights, not flares with smoke trails. Some witnesses had been straight beneath because the craft flew over and swear that it was something however flares!

DON’T INSULT THE WITNESSES’ INTELLIGENCE! Flare theorists appear to imagine that witnesses cannot inform the distinction between flares and one thing that by all accounts was fully out of this world. Lots of the witnesses who got here ahead included energetic navy personnel who work with flares every day. They had been very adamant that what they noticed weren’t flares! You do not have to be a flare knowledgeable to inform what they appear to be. The burning magnesium from the flares illuminates the rising smoke above. They flicker and transfer about as they fall to the bottom. The navy staged a flare demo in 2000 hoping to persuade everybody that what they really noticed had been flares. The demonstration completely backfired because it gave witnesses a chance to make a good comparability and conclude that there was no similarity in any respect to what they noticed.

FLARES DON’T STAY FIXED IN ONE POSITION RELATIVE TO THE GROUND AND EACH OTHER: There was in depth evaluation of movies submitted by witnesses that clearly exhibits that the anomalous orbs do not budge in any respect. Mike Tanner, a witness and key investigator, seen a sequence of sunshine formations and at one level used a spotter scope to zoom in on one of many orbs. The orb light out and in over twenty minutes with out ever shifting because it stayed mounted throughout the scope. One other navy witness claims that he noticed related orbs from his house close to Luke AFB. The orbs stayed mounted in a single place for over twenty minutes. He says they undoubtedly weren’t flares and he works with flares every day!

FLARES ARE NEVER DROPPED OVER POPULATED AREAS OR INDIAN RESERVATIONS: Illumination flares are giant metallic cylinders full of a magnesium primarily based pyrotechnic composition. They’re dropped over check ranges, navy bases and different areas the place navy operations happen. Dropping flares, or any objects for that matter, over populated areas and Indian reservations is an FAA violation and prohibited because of potential harm to civilians, injury to property and floor fires.

NEW FLARE TECHNOLOGY? Somebody as soon as recommended that these flares are of a brand new kind not but recognized to the general public. If this had been true we’d certainly learn about it by now, over a decade later. Illumination flares are used to assist troops see higher at night time and spoofing flares are used to divert warmth in search of missiles. There may be nothing top-secret about flares or their use, even a brand new kind that may one way or the other seem, then disappear, then re-appear in the identical spot and keep mounted in a single place. If the navy had this sort of expertise, why would not they simply admit it to the general public and put an finish to the entire countless hypothesis? Why would not they’ve performed so again in 2000 after they staged their flare demonstration?

I PERSONALLY WITNESSED THESE MYSTERIOUS ORBS: On November twenty first 2005, I noticed two amber orbs in a side-by-side formation from a Boeing 737 departing Sky Harbor Airport. They didn’t seem like plane, flares or any pure phenomenon. What’s most important is that they appeared in an equivalent, side-by-side formation in two completely different areas. The primary location was in entrance of the Estrella Mountain Vary straight over the north finish of the Gila Bend Indian Reservation. The second location was northwest of Glendale. I had an unbelievable chicken’s-eye view on a wonderfully clear night time and I might simply see the horizon and topography (examine my sighting). They appeared in the identical side-by-side formation, rigidly mounted in house and so they had been very vivid and distinct from all different gentle sources. There have been no seen navy operations at both of the 2 areas, no seen plane deploying them and no signal of them being fired up into the air. The navy wouldn’t deploy them over populated areas or Indian reservations.

LARGE MILITARY BLIMP or TOP SECRET MILITARY PROJECT: One other widespread concept is that experimental authorities plane are chargeable for the Phoenix Lights. Supporters of this concept imagine {that a} very giant, silent surveillance blimp or top-secret plane flew over Arizona and that diversionary flares had been dropped by the navy in an try and divert the eye of whoever was out on that clear night gazing at Halle-Bopp comet.

Some skeptics could also be referring to the Ascender venture, which isn’t top-secret in any respect. The Ascender is a semi-autonomous V-shaped blimp that may hover in close to house to carry out high-altitude reconnaissance and relay battlefield communications. In 2004 (seven years after the occasion befell), John Powell, founding father of JP Aerospace, informed MSNBC.com “The complete-size station in our grand imaginative and prescient is 2 miles throughout, however that is down the street a bit.” No such blimp existed in 1997 and the most important measurement thus far isn’t any greater than a passenger jet, a lot smaller than witnesses described. You will need to observe {that a} mile-wide blimp can solely be deployed at sub-orbital altitudes the place the air is extraordinarily skinny and the craft is just about weightless. At decrease altitudes, it will collapse underneath its personal weight. You might by no means construct such an unlimited plane construction at floor degree, not to mention one that might fly extraordinarily gradual underneath its personal energy with out making even the slightest noise.

When contemplating this implausible concept, one should additionally contemplate many apparent questions; Are we imagined to imagine the navy would fly an unlimited blimp a mile or so throughout (the large measurement was a constant descriptive in tons of of eye-witness stories) proper over town at extraordinarily low altitude, endangering thousands and thousands of residents on the bottom and within the air, moderately than fly a course someplace over the hundreds of sq. miles of uninhabited desert surrounding Phoenix, out of the general public eye? If this was certainly a “prime secret” blimp, why would they fly it at low altitude proper over a metropolis in full public view? In the event that they flew it over uninhabited areas they would not need to hassle with diversionary flares. Anyway, you may by no means fly a blimp of this measurement with accuracy at low altitude as it will by extremely vulnerable to winds and convective currents.

Each main airport within the nation that has scheduled airline service (together with Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport) is surrounded by Class-B airspace, a protecting zone that extends 30 miles out from the middle of the airport. Massive airports are sometimes surrounded by many smaller airports which can be in relative shut proximity, so the airspace could be very busy. ATC continually communicates with all pilots getting into their airspace, assigning particular routes and altitudes as a way to preserve secure separation between plane. All pilots getting into Class-B airspace are issued a 4-digit transponder code for identification and their plane should be geared up with a Transponder that has altitude reporting in order that ATC can precisely monitor the plane’s place. The one exceptions are crop dusters and plane which can be ferried to restore amenities, however particular preparations should be made upfront. The purpose is that no plane, together with navy plane, can enter Class-B airspace with out communication and clearance from the airspace controller. Federal Aviation Laws (FAR #191 of Half 91) require all plane to fly at an altitude of 1,000 ft above the best impediment inside a horizontal distance of lower than 2,000 ft in congested areas. In different phrases, pilots should preserve minimal secure altitudes and impediment clearance when flying over a densely populated space. They aren’t allowed to fly straight over housetops.

The underside line is, the craft that flew over Phoenix on March thirteenth severely violated Class-B airspace when it entered with out communication and clearance from ATC and flew proper throughout the ultimate strategy course of Sky Harbor Airport, one of many busiest airports within the nation. It additionally went undetected by radar which fully kills the blimp thought and all different typical plane for that matter. If it was an plane that flew over Phoenix in 1997, top-secret or not, the general public would have recognized about it a very long time in the past. The plane controller who was interviewed by an area information station would definitely have admitted that it was navy in nature, however he did not. He stated that he might see the lights, however he did not see something on radar and had no thought what it was.

It’s absurd to counsel that the navy would deliberately fly an unlimited plane via Sky Harbor airspace, with out communication or clearance, violate minimal secure altitude necessities, publicly show their top-secret, invisible, mile-wide behemoth after which fully deny its existence. What occurred to the mile-wide plane after the actual fact? How might the navy cover such an unlimited plane (or make it invisible) and the way come we do not learn about its existence 10+ years after the actual fact?

Lastly, what’s so prime secret about an unlimited blimp in comparison with our stealth expertise, which is already public information? The X45, X47, Scramjet and DARPA’S Slingshot initiatives in addition to different innovative initiatives are already within the public area. Whereas a few of the capabilities of those new plane and weapon methods are nonetheless categorised, they’re definitely seen to the general public.

CESSNAS FLYING IN FORMATION (STAGED HOAX): After the Phoenix Lights occasion, a younger man got here ahead and claimed that he seen the Phoenix Lights utilizing a Celestron Telescope and noticed they had been a fleet of Cessnas flying in formation. Regardless of hundreds of witness stories on the contrary, native media centered on this singular report. To start with, to counsel that you may comply with a shifting Cessna with a Telescope is ridiculous. I personally personal a telescope and there’s no means you may comply with a shifting plane and focus in on it, particularly at night time. Based mostly on this assertion alone I might critically query something this witness needed to say.

First it’s a must to persuade me {that a} group of pilots can be silly sufficient and brazen sufficient to assume they may pull off such an elaborate hoax with out being caught. Each pilot is aware of that penetrating Class-B airspace (a 30-mile protecting veil that surrounds each main airport within the nation) with out a correct ATC clearance, would get them into critical hassle. There is no such thing as a means a fleet of Cessnas might fly silently, even with the engines working at idle, and keep away from radar detection.

A fleet of plane getting into Class-B airspace with out communication or clearance can be thought-about a critical risk and so they most definitely would have been compelled down by navy pilots. As soon as on the bottom the perpetrators can be arrested, closely fined and face potential prosecution and jail time. The FAA would completely droop their licenses as a result of magnitude of the crime. They’d be thrashed by the media and lynched by the general public.

Why would any pilot danger all the things, believing that they may efficiently pull off such an elaborate hoax, get away with it, go house, watch the ten’oclock information and have a pleasant snort? No person ever bought caught and no person ever got here ahead to say “we did it.” Personal pilots would by no means take such a danger, industrial pilots would by no means danger their flying careers, and airline pilots are continually monitored by ATC. They’d by no means try such a factor particularly with a aircraft loaded with passengers. Clearly this man concocted the complete story to get his mug on the six o’clock information!

HELICOPTERS IN FORMATION: All helicopters make noise. This concept does not match with the hundreds of witness stories claiming that the craft was completely silent and most of the people are good sufficient to inform what a helicopter seems to be like. For these causes and the entire causes described within the Cessna concept, this merely does not fly!

STEALTH B2 BOMBER FLYOVER: Hundreds of witnesses declare that they noticed an unlimited V-shaped craft over a mile extensive, semi-transparent, with an array of huge luminous lights connected. The stealth bomber is tiny by comparability. What’s most important is that each witness reported that the large craft was completely silent. This kills the stealth bomber concept. Stealth implies that the plane is radar evasive, not sound evasive. It’s something however quiet. The navy would by no means violate Class B airspace by getting into with out an ATC clearance and air site visitors controllers would by no means vector an plane throughout the ultimate strategy course of a busy airport, particularly at a dangerously low altitude! We interviewed a witness for the Phoenix Lights Documentary who says that she noticed a stealth bomber fly over her home throughout the World Sequence, but it surely did not look something like what she noticed fly straight over her head on March thirteenth.

MILITARY HOAX: The navy would by no means deliberately stage a UFO hoax. The very last thing they need to cope with is placating public issues. Why would navy pilots try and stage such a hoax and critically danger dropping their coveted flying privileges they labored so onerous to acquire? The higher navy brass wouldn’t take such an motion evenly and the implications are far too extreme to justify an elaborate hoax only for laughs.

It’s fascinating to notice that in a single case, a witness who referred to as in to Luke Air Power Base to report unusual lights was informed that the telephones had been ringing off the hook. The lady who answered the telephone admitted that she didn’t have any data at the moment and recommended the witness name again the following day. Upon calling the following day, the identical witness reported {that a} completely different individual answered, and with a hostile perspective, denied that there have been any stories in any respect. Different witnesses reported the identical detached, hostile perspective and full denial of any uncommon exercise.

As a remaining observe, the federal government and navy by no means denied the 8pm occasion befell and so they by no means claimed that the 8pm occasion was flares. What they formally reported to the general public was the next assertion: “At no time was there ever a risk to our nationwide safety.” There’s a nice probability that flares had been dropped round 10pm, probably as a diversionary tactic to confuse the details and that many (not all) reported sightings at the moment had been of the flare drop.

ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENON: The skies over Phoenix had been completely clear and there’s no recognized atmospheric phenomenon that might have manifested or seemed something like what witnesses noticed. Auroras usually solely seem close to the Earth’s north and south poles. You aren’t more likely to see them within the Arizona skies.

BALL LIGHTNING: We interviewed Robert Golka for the Phoenix Lights Documentary. He by no means made it into the ultimate reduce as we had been determined to scale back the working time down from 3+ hours to a nominal 84 minutes. He is likely one of the world’s foremost consultants on ball lightning and well-known for constructing the world’s largest Tesla coil at Wendover Air Power Base in 1973. He is likely one of the few individuals on the planet to create ball lightning in a lab atmosphere. In line with his knowledgeable testimony, ball lightning is a uncommon phenomenon that may happen close to the bottom and at larger altitudes and has on very uncommon events been noticed by passengers in plane. Ball lightning requires a supply with robust electromagnetic fields corresponding to that current in storm clouds. It could burst out from excessive electromagnetic fields current within the Earth as nicely. The night time the Phoenix Lights occasion occurred was completely clear with no storm clouds current. In his opinion ball lightning couldn’t happen on such a transparent night time and would by no means manifest into an array of lights and journey low and gradual, in formation, throughout the state of Arizona. The phenomenon doesn’t match witness accounts.

SWAMP GAS: A totally ridiculous concept at greatest. There aren’t any swamps anyplace in Phoenix or the state of Arizona for that matter and swamp fuel doesn’t appear to be what hundreds of witnesses described.

METEORS: Meteors streak throughout the sky at very excessive altitude and deplete from the extreme friction of passing via the Earth’s environment at hypersonic speeds. No matter does not deplete falls to the bottom and is known as a meteorite. Meteors do not fly low and gradual in excellent formation or resemble a big V-shaped craft. I by no means heard any witness say; “It seemed like a meteor!”

MASS HALLUCINATION: I do not imagine within the idea of mass hallucination in any respect. To my information that is an unproven idea with no verifiable historic proof in any respect. It’s fully ridiculous to counsel that hundreds of individuals stopped what they had been doing, seemed up within the sky and noticed one thing that wasn’t there. Did any person spike the Phoenix aqueducts with LSD? It’s wonderful anybody would sooner imagine in such nonsense moderately than imagine witnesses truly noticed one thing.

MASS HOAX CONSPIRACY: The mass hoax concept is one other outrageous idea fully unfounded by any details. What would inspire hundreds of individuals from all walks of life to get collectively and secretly conjure up such a hoax? How would such an enormous hoax be stored secret? How come no person ever got here ahead to say, “all of us made it up it was only a joke? I imagine the witnesses truly noticed one thing extraordinary. You may’t dismiss the testimony of tons of of witnesses with matching descriptions.

WEATHER BALLOONS: The climate balloon concept is commonly thrown out by many skeptics as a handy rationalization for UFOs. Whereas this can be a legitimate rationalization for some daytime sightings, it doesn’t match as a potential rationalization for the Phoenix Lights. Climate balloons are usually not illuminated and can’t be seen at night time, aside from a flashing beacon. Because of this they’re by no means launched in populated areas the place there’s a excessive density of airport site visitors, such because the airspace over Phoenix, as a result of they’re hazardous to plane. There are a number of varieties of climate balloons used for various functions, however most are full of hydrogen or helium fuel and carry an instrument referred to as a radiosonde that measures atmospheric stress, air temperature and relative humidity. Climate balloons don’t journey laterally near the bottom. They rise a mean of 1000 ft per minute and burst at an altitude of round 100,000 ft the place the atmospheric stress is one % the stress at sea-level. The radiosonde deploys a small parachute and falls gently to the bottom. It’s absurd to counsel {that a} fleet of climate balloons had been launched on the night time of March thirteenth and flew in an ideal v-shaped formation, at low altitude throughout the complete state of Arizona!

FINAL CONCLUSIONS: When you rule out all potential pure and man-made explanations for the Phoenix Lights there is just one rationalization that, regardless of what the debunkers say, can’t be conclusively dominated out; Maybe, WE ARE being visited by our cosmic neighbors, stopping by to verify us out! In the event you contemplate that the universe is filled with life, we’re simply one other race of beings – nothing particular. Different extra superior species of life might definitely observe us simply as we observe a lot of the life types on this planet.

Some individuals argue that it’s unattainable for anybody to journey the huge distances in house and are available to our distant planet. The scientific minds insist that you would be able to’t journey anyplace close to the velocity of sunshine and that it will take lifetimes to achieve our closest neighboring stars. Whereas this looks as if a legitimate level, the reality is, so far as house journey goes, we’re like infants taking our first steps. Our first manned house flight was in 1961, which is just a blip in human historical past. Thus far, we’ve got solely traveled to the moon and despatched out just a few probes. That hardly qualifies us as “house vacationers.” Maybe our ET buddies are touring inter-dimensionally, intra-dimensionally or bending house and time by producing high-level gravitational fields. Bodily beings could not be capable to journey at gentle velocity, however what about gentle beings? Who is aware of what quick cuts could exist on the market that we’ve not found but?

I imagine Earth is a micro-cosmic instance of the range of life within the universe. Life prospers all over the place on the floor of our planet, even in environments that might be deadly to people. Go to the best, deepest, coldest and hottest locations on Earth, even stable rock, and you can find life types, some as massive as whales and others far too small to be seen with the bare eye.

Contemplating the trillions of planets in our personal galaxy, the tons of of billions of galaxies within the universe and the way rugged, various and adaptive life is, there’s just about no scientific or logical likelihood that we’re alone. In reality, there might be civilizations on the market thousands and thousands and even billions of years forward of us! Is it potential that Earth has been, and continues to be, visited by aliens? The reply to this query is; In fact it is potential, as a result of there is no such thing as a technique to show in any other case! We do not know who is admittedly on the market or what their capabilities are and that’s an incontrovertible fact! ANYTHING IS POSSIBLE! It isn’t loopy to be open minded about such issues, what’s loopy is proclaiming one thing does not exist with out having even the slightest thread of proof to show it. It is time for us to cease pretending we’re the be-all, end-all “masters of the universe” and settle for the apparent likelihood that we’re not alone. For many individuals seeing is believing, however till we’ve got open contact, there’s nothing unsuitable with conserving an open thoughts.

For me, the reality that ETs go to Earth is a no brainer and the argument of whether or not or not they exist has grown very previous. The larger and extra essential questions are the “what if” questions regarding open contact and the potential advantages to mankind:

• Large advances in expertise and vitality options that might assist heal our planet.
• Large advances in drugs.
• Entry to a wealth of information in regards to the universe, different worlds, man’s true roots and maybe a larger understanding of God.
• Evolution to a extra spiritually enlightened society the place struggle and violence is just about eradicated.

The potential advantages are much more reaching than anybody of us can think about. The large query we needs to be asking is, how will mankind transition from what it’s immediately to a extremely religious and peaceable race, with complete openness and integration into an enormous cosmic society? The transformation might be difficult and I imagine it’s a course of that each civilization should face sooner or later in its evolution.

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Source by Steve Lantz